1. In a medium pot of boiling salted water, cook pasta according to package instructions. Reserve 1/2 cup pasta water, then drain.
2. Meanwhile, chop garlic. Sprinkle with 1/4 tspn salt and drag the blade of a large knife at an angle across mixture until a paste forms. Add garlic paste to a small bowl, along with mayonnaise, mustard, lemon zest and juice, and artichoke marinade; whisk to combine and season with salt and pepper.
3. Return pasta to pot, add artichokes and dressing and toss, adding enough pasta water to create a light sauce that coats pasta; stir in parmesan and season with salt and pepper. Regrigerate until chilled, 1 hour (or overnight); toss with escarole to serve.